Sunday, June 3, 2018

World Bicycle Day - 3 June


On June 3, 2018, the first official World Bicycle Day will be celebrated.

Why celebrate the bicycle?
The bicycle is a simple, affordable, reliable, clean and environmentally fit sustainable means of transportation;
The bicycle can serve as a tool for development and as a means not just of transportation but also of access to education, health care and sport;
The synergy between the bicycle and the user fosters creativity and social engagement and gives the user an immediate awareness of the local environment;
The bicycle is a symbol of sustainable transportation and conveys a positive message to foster sustainable consumption and production, and has a positive impact on climate.


World Bicycle Day:

Encourages Member States to devote particular attention to the bicycle in cross-cutting development strategies and to include the bicycle in international, regional, national and subnational development policies and programmes;
Encourages Member States to improve road safety and integrate it into sustainable mobility and transport infrastructure planning and design, in particular through policies and measures to actively protect and promote pedestrian safety and cycling mobility, with a view to broader health outcomes, particularly the prevention of injuries and non-communicable diseases;
Encourages stakeholders to emphasize and advance the use of the bicycle as a means of fostering sustainable development, strengthening education, including physical education, for children and young people, promoting health, preventing disease, promoting tolerance, mutual understanding and respect and facilitating social inclusion and a culture of peace;
Encourages Member States to adopt best practices and means to promote the bicycle among all members of society, and in this regard welcomes initiatives to organize bicycle rides at the national and local levels as a means of strengthening physical and mental health and well-being and developing a culture of cycling in society.

http://www.un.org/en/events/bicycleday/

Friday, May 25, 2018

International Day of Older Persons - 1 October

International Day of Older Persons - 1 October

Last edited: 25 Sep 2011 Exported: 26 Nov 2011 from Knol

20 per cent of the world’s population to be old persons by 2050


By 2050, 2 billion people, over 20 per cent of the world’s population, will be 60 or older.
A good situation. But how to provide facilities for making their life comfortable and worth living.
Let us foresee, think and plan.

About the Day

On 14 December 1990, the United Nations General Assembly (by resolution 45/106) designated 1 October the International Day of Older Persons.

http://www.un.org/en/events/olderpersonsday/

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The 2018 theme  “Celebrating Older Human Rights Champions“. 


Let us  celebrate the older people around the world who dedicated their lives to championing human rights?

They are as diverse as the society in which they live: from older people advocating for human rights at the grass root and community level to high profile figures on the international stage.

The 2018 theme aims to:

Promote the rights enshrined in the Declaration and what it means in the daily lives of older persons;

Raise the visibility of older people as participating members of society committed to improving the enjoyment of human rights in many areas of life and not just those that affect them immediately;

Reflect on progress and challenges in ensuring full and equal enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms by older persons; and

Engage broad audiences across the world and mobilize people for human rights at all stages of life.
https://www.un.org/development/desa/ageing/international-day-of-older-persons-homepage/2018unidop.html

2015

http://undesadspd.org/Ageing/InternationalDayofOlderPersons.aspx

Theme of 2012
“Longevity: Shaping the Future”
The theme of the 2012 commemoration is “Longevity: Shaping the Future”. Ageing and health was also the theme of this year's World Health Day on 7 April. These themes focus on how healthy behaviours throughout life can help older men and women lead full and productive lives and be a resource for their families and communities.

Older People - New Power for Development



Providing power for the family, community cycles

"Ageing is a development issue. Healthy older persons are a resource for their families, their communities and the economy."

WHO Brasilia declaration on healthy ageing, 1996.

Source for the picture:
http://www.who.int/ageing/events/idop_rationale/en/index.html

__________________________________________________________________________________ http://undesadspd.org/Ageing/InternationalDayofOlderPersons.aspx




Updated 26 May 2018, 1 October 2015

Tuesday, May 1, 2018

1 May - International Workers' Day - May Day




The date is promoted by  by  socialist and communist political parties to commemorate the Haymarket affair, which occurred in Chicago on 4 May 1886.

The Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions (which would later become the American Federation of Labor, or AFL) held a convention in Chicago in 1884 and  proclaimed “eight hours shall constitute a legal day’s labor from and after May 1, 1886.”

The following year the Knights of Labor – then America’s largest labor organization – backed the proclamation and  both groups encouraged workers to strike and demonstrate in favor of the demand.

On May 1, 1886, more than 300,000 workers (40,000 in Chicago alone) from 13,000 business walked out of their jobs across the country. In the following days, more workers joined and the number of strikers grew.

HAYMARKET RIOT
On May 3,  Chicago police and workers clashed at the McCormick Reaper Works. The next day a rally was held at Haymarket Square to protest the killing and wounding of several workers by the police.

When the speaker, August Spies, was winding down,  a group of officers arrived to disperse the crowd. As the police advanced, a bomb was thrown into their ranks. Chaos ensued, and at least seven police officers and eight civilians died as a result of the violence that day.

A few years after the Haymarket Riot and subsequent trials shocked the world, a newly formed coalition of socialist and labor parties in Europe called for a demonstration to honor the “Haymarket Martyrs.” In 1890, over 300,000 people protested at a May Day rally in London.

Subsequently, the Russian bolsheviks celebrated May Day with fervor.

https://www.history.com/topics/history-of-may-day


https://www.forbes.com/2007/08/30/labor-day-history-forbeslife-cx_ml_0830mayday.html#b19d2dd62fe6

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_affair

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day


Tuesday, April 3, 2018

Earth Day - 22 April


In Service of Our Planet Earth


Earth Day is an extraordinary event. It combines the functions of educator, movement builder and the largest public service project in the world. More than one billion people from almost every single country on earth will take an action in service to our planet.


About The Day


The idea came to Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after he witnessed  the ravages of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. He was inspired by the student anti-war movement and he felt that if he could bring air and water pollution into public consciousness and create a similar movement, it would force environmental protection onto the national political agenda. Senator Nelson announced the idea for a “national teach-in on the environment” to the national media; persuaded Pete McCloskey, a conservation-minded Republican Congressman, to serve as his co-chair; and recruited Denis Hayes as national coordinator. Hayes built a national staff of 85 to promote events across the land.

As a result, on the 22nd of April, 1970, 20 million Americans took to the streets, parks, and auditoriums to demonstrate for a healthy, sustainable environment in massive coast-to-coast rallies. Thousands of colleges and universities organized protests against the deterioration of the environment. Groups that had been fighting against oil spills, polluting factories and power plants, raw sewage, toxic dumps, pesticides, freeways, the loss of wilderness, and the extinction of wildlife came together and realized they shared common agenda and objectives

The first Earth Day led to the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the passage of the Clean Air, Clean Water, and Endangered Species Acts.

http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement

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Earth Day 2018 Theme: End Plastic Pollution


From poisoning and injuring marine life to disrupting human hormones, from littering our beaches and landscapes to clogging our waste streams and landfills, the exponential growth of plastics is now threatening the survival of our planet.

In response, Earth Day 2018 is dedicated to providing the information and
inspiration needed to fundamentally change human attitude and behavior about plastics.

Choose an option below to take action to End Plastic Pollution on Earth Day and beyond!

Earth Day Network’s Canopy Project


In just one year, a mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen as 10 people inhale!

Earth Day Network’s Canopy Project works worldwide to strengthen communities through tree planting. Using agroforestry, sapling distribution and tree care training, we empower organizations and citizens to conserve, repair, and restore tree cover to their lands. Earth Day Network targets areas of the world most in need of reforestation, including some of the world’s poorest communities; and land degraded by logging, fires, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. Our projects also focus on environmentally critical areas such the Amazon rainforest and the Boreal Forest.

Trees provide food, energy and income, helping communities achieve long-term economic and environmental sustainability. Trees also filter the air and help reverse the impacts of climate change. In just one year, a mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen as 10 people inhale!

Since 2010, Earth Day Network has planted tens of millions of trees. Our goal for the 50 anniversary of Earth Day in 2020 is to plant 7.8 billion trees, one for every person on earth.

You can help support the Canopy Project by donating to our $1 per tree program. Each dollar you donate supports the planting of one tree.

Planting trees strengthens local economies. Every dollar spent on reforestation generates $2.50 in local downstream income and benefits. That’s huge impact for every dollar you donate!

https://www.earthday.org/campaigns/reforestation/

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Earth Day 2013


Theme: The Face of Climate Change

http://www.earthday.org/2013/

2013 - Billion Acts of Green Completed - Highlights
http://act.earthday.org/highlights.html

1. Interesting ideas - Arranging tailors for free stiching of cloth bags from old garments etc.
2. Backseat buddies - more children travelling in one car while going in a car to catch their school bus.

Ideas for common people - Pledge to use only public transport on the Earth Day.



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Earth Day 2012 Theme Mobilize the Earth

A Billion Acts of Green

http://www.earthday.org/earthday2012



Updated 5 April 2018, 21 April 2013

Tuesday, March 20, 2018

World Water Day - 22nd March

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About the Day

The United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution A/RES/47/193 of 22 December 1992 by which 22 March of each year was declared World Day for Water, to be observed starting in 1993, in conformity with the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) contained in Chapter 18 (Fresh Water Resources) of Agenda 21. States were invited to devote the Day, as appropriate in the national context, to concrete activities such as the promotion of public awareness through the publication and diffusion of documentaries and the organization of conferences, round tables, seminars and expositions related to the conservation and development of water resources and the implementation of the recommendations of Agenda 21.
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World Water Day 2018


 ‘Nature for Water’ 

Exploring nature-based solutions to the water challenges we face in the 21st century.

http://worldwaterday.org/

Data Issue
You cannot manage what you do not measure”
It is all but impossible to make informed water management decisions without reliable, sufficient, and freely available water data. Obtaining such data, however (or accessing data from other nations — some of which see security risks in sharing), has always proven difficult.
We have the means to do much better in measurement of water. And when that potential is realized, perhaps then we will do much better, globally and locally, managing this vital resource as well.
http://www.ipsnews.net/2018/03/time-resolve-cursed-old-water-problem/

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World Water Day 2017.


Theme

"Why Waste Water?"  

http://nraoiekc.blogspot.com/2017/03/water-productivity-why-waste-water.html
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World Water Day 2013

http://www.unwater.org/water-cooperation-2013/events/world-water-day/en/

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World Water Day 2012 Events

http://www.unwater.org/wwd12/

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World Water Day 2011 Theme



Water for Cities: Responding to the Urban Challenge
http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/
http://www.unwater.org/worldwaterday/mainindex.html

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World Water Day 2010 Theme

Clean Water for a Healthy World

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Message from Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO


on the occasion of World Water Day  “Clean Water for a Healthy World”
Water is fundamental to life on earth. For human populations and ecosystems to thrive, that water must be clean, it must stay clean and, most importantly, it must be accessible to all.

World Water Day 2010 calls for “ Clean Water for a Healthy World ”. As we celebrate this Day, let us consider the facts. More than 2.5 billion people live without proper sanitation. An estimated 884 million people, the majority of them in Africa, do not have access to safe drinking water. Some 1.5 million children under five die each year from sickness caused by water-borne diseases. The degradation of water quality in rivers, streams, lakes, and groundwater systems has a direct impact on ecosystems and human health. This state of affairs represents an unspeakable human tragedy, and is also major obstacle to development.

Water-related sickness and the additional financial hardship it brings, lowers the odds that a poor family will educate its children. This, in turn, robs the next generation of the opportunity to improve their own circumstances and break the cycle of poverty and deprivation trapping them. Clean water and proper sanitation are where it all starts. A key approach to addressing water quality challenges should be based on pollution prevention, control and restoration strategies.

Numerous rivers, once the source of human prosperity and rich wildlife, are now heavily polluted. The degradation of water quality in surface and groundwater systems is further exacerbating water scarcity and negatively impacting our natural environment and the ecosystem services and goods that it provides, jeopardizing food security and livelihoods.

In these cost-cutting times, when economic difficulties jeopardise investment in development, let us be clear that developmental progress more than pays for itself. It has been estimated that achieving the Millenium Development Goals for access to safe water and sanitation would produce a global saving of more than $84 billion. We already have the scientific knowledge to make immediate strides in the
provision of clean water and sanitation, provided the funding is there. Researchers are developing new and ingenious ways of protecting surface waters and groundwater systems from pollution, and ensuring better water management.

As the lead UN agency for water sciences and education, UNESCO is moving ahead with an array of programmes to further this know-how. UNESCO’s International Hydrological Programme is actively engaged in fostering science and knowledge for protecting the quality of surface waters and groundwater systems. Likewise, UNESCO is an active contributor to the monitoring of the state of the world’s freshwater resources in the World Water Development Report coordinated by the World Water Assessment Programme, whose secretariat is hosted and led by UNESCO. Since 2003, UNESCO has overseen the training of dozens of water scientists and engineers from developing countries at the Netherlands based UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, a world-ranking establishment.
UNESCO promotes capacity building for better management of water resources through its water centres and chairs operating under the auspices of UNESCO in many parts of the world.

Much remains to be done if we are to make a difference to the lives of millions of people. On this World Water Day, I urge Governments, civil society, the private sector and all stakeholders to put the goal of “Clean Water for a Healthy World” at the forefront of their priorities.

Irina Bokova
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PepsiCo Marks World Water Day 2010 with Global Water Goals

PepsiCo (NYSE: PEP) announced global goals to provide access to safe water to three million people in developing countries by 2015 and to continuously strive for positive water balance in company operations in water-distressed areas.

After more than a decade of actively promoting sustainable water resource management, PepsiCo continues to drive responsible water solutions that are socially responsible, scientifically based and economically sound.  Some of PepsiCo's water initiatives and milestones include:
In 2009, PepsiCo saved more than 11 billion liters of water through efficiency improvements.
In the U.S., the company began cleaning new Gatorade bottles with purified air instead of rinsing with water. The method works so well it is being adopted, along with other conservation techniques, by bottling facilities around the world, saving billions of liters of water from going down the drain.

In the UK, PepsiCo Walkers' business has already reduced water usage at its largest potato chip facility by 42 percent between 2001 and 2007. Potatoes naturally contain a lot of water, and Walkers is working to capture that moisture and use it to make the UK facilities essentially self-sufficient in water, unplugged from the water mains.

Agriculture uses 70 percent of the world's water. That's why in China, PepsiCo is sharing conservation techniques with its local farmers. These efforts have cut the water usage required to grow potatoes for Lay's potato chips in China by more than half.

In India, PepsiCo beverage operations reduced water use in manufacturing by more than 45 percent and conserved more than 3 billion liters of water since 2007, achieving positive water balance – giving back more water than the company consumed.

One of PepsiCo India's most successful initiatives has been its work with farmers to reduce the amount of water used in rice cultivation. The company introduced a technology called "direct seeding." Rather than growing seedlings in a nursery, planting them, then flooding the fields, direct seeding allows seeds to be planted directly into the ground, bypassing the nursery. This also removes the need for flood irrigation, and saves as much 30 percent of water needed. In 2009, direct seeding was extended to more than 6,500 acres of land resulting in savings of 5.5 billion liters of water.

In Australia, PepsiCo's Smith's snacks manufacturing facility commissioned the first wastewater reuse system, which will dramatically reduce stress on local water resources at a time when the country is facing one of the worst droughts in history.

In China, PepsiCo is teaching farmers to grow potatoes and other cash crops in desert conditions. The farmers are replacing traditional flood irrigation with pivot and drip irrigation. In drip irrigation, small holes in pipes literally 'drip' water on the field, reducing water usage by up to 50 percent.

In Arizona, PepsiCo equipped the Frito-Lay facility in Casa Grande with a state-of-the-art water filtration and purification system to recycle and reuse approximately 80 percent of the process water used in production. For 10 consecutive years, PepsiCo has significantly reduced the amount of water used to make our Frito-Lay products in North America.

In Mexico, the Gatorade plant installed a rain water harvest system, which collected 640 cubic meters of water in 2009. This has helped recharge the underground aquifer affected by Mexico City's population growth and has contributed to the business's overall water usage reduction of 10.5 percent vs. 2008.
Since 2005, the PepsiCo Foundation has committed more than $15 million to initiatives that provide access to safe water and sanitation to communities in developing countries.

In 2011, The PepsiCo Foundation will reach its goal of providing access to safe water and sanitation to 1 million people. This will be achieved through support of such partners as Water.org, Safe Water Network, The Energy Resources Institute, China Women's Development Foundation and the Earth Institute at Columbia University. These projects are helping to install village water and irrigation systems, establishing water health centers, constructing nearly 750 rainwater harvesting cisterns, improve sanitation programs and recharge aquifers in developing communities, particularly in Ghana, Kenya, Brazil, China and India.
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KVSSNRao   2010
The events related to the day are certainly useful in making people aware of issues and make them sensitive. Morning I had a casual look at an advertisment in the paper. But when I got down from my bus, I observed a person full covered carrying the messages related to World Water Day at the gate of Larsen and Toubro, a large Engineering company of India situated at Powai, Mumbai. There are more volunteer behind him with T-shirts having world water day message. I came to the office and started this knol to share the event with knol readers and authors. Let us make more people aware of the issue and help in promoting investment in providing clean water to all people of the world.
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Related Web Sites
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Original knol - world-water-day-22nd-march - 2utb2lsm2k7a - 2400


Updated  22 March 2018, 22 March 2013

Saturday, March 17, 2018

18 March - Global Recycling Day







Support Recycling


Seventh Resource - Recycled or Recyclable Materials

The power of the Seventh Resource must be recognized by leaders around the world, through seven concrete changes:

Focus on international legislation and agreements.
Support, and campaign for,  free sustainable trade of recyclable materials to ecologically sound companies across the globe.
Educate, from grass roots up, the public on the critical necessity of recycling.
Agree to a common language of recycling.
To make recycling a community issue, supporting schemes and initiatives which help households and businesses provide Seventh Resource materials for repurposing.
Work with the industry to encourage ‘design for recycling’ in the repurposing of materials – reducing waste, integrating ‘end-of-life’ planning at design stage.
Support innovation, research and initiatives that foster better recycling practices and technology.

The six major natural resources on the planet: 

water, air, coal, oil, natural gas and minerals.

https://www.globalrecyclingday.com/

https://www.globalrecyclingday.com/about/

http://www.bir.org/

http://www.bir.org/news-press/latest-news/bir-announces-18-3-18-as-the-date-of-the-first-global-recycling-day/

http://www.recyclingtoday.com/article/global-recycling-day-website-launches/

https://www.unido.org/news/unido-supports-first-ever-global-recycling-day

https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/innovative-recycled-materials/index.html

http://residus.gencat.cat/web/.content/home/lagencia/publicacions/centre_catala_del_reciclatge__ccr/diss_reci_16_en.pdf

https://engineering.dartmouth.edu/~d30345d/courses/engs171/DfRecycling.pdf

https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncer_abstracts/index.cfm/fuseaction/display.highlight/abstract/7342

https://www.greenbiz.com/blog/2011/02/09/how-nikes-green-design-saved-82m-plastic-bottles

http://arts-design.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cae/artsdesign/artsdesign/APPLICATION%20OF%20RECYCLED%20MATERIALS%20IN%20DESIGNING%20RECREATIONAL%20.pdf

Friday, December 22, 2017

22 December - National Mathematics Day - India



22 December - Birthday of Sreenivasa Ramanujam, a mathematics genius of India.



Prime Minister declared  that 22 December will be National Mathematics Day.
It is the birthday of Sreenivasa Ramanujam, a mathematics genius of India.

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Srinivasa Ramanujan - Biography



Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 1887 – 26 April 1920) was a mathematician, who made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions.

Ramanujan independently compiled nearly 3900 results (mostly identities and equations). 

Ramanujan went to Cambridge in 1914. Hardy, his collaborator at Cambridge said Ramanujan could have become an outstanding mathematician if his skills had been recognized earlier. It was said about his talents of continued fractions and hypergeometric series that, “he was unquestionably one of the great masters.” It was due to his sharp memory, calculative mind, patience and insight that he was a great formalist of his days.

G.H. Hardy spoke on some of Ramanujan’s (as yet unpublished) research at the London Mathematical Society at the monthly meeting on 11 June 1914. June 11 is a landmark date for modern Indian mathematics.


He got elected as the fellow in 1918 at the Trinity College at Cambridge and the Royal Society. He departed from this world on April 26, 1920.

In 1918, Hardy and Ramanujan studied the partition function P(n) extensively and gave a non-convergent asymptotic series that permits exact computation of the number of partitions of an integer. Hans Rademacher, in 1937, was able to refine their formula to find an exact convergent series solution to this problem. Ramanujan and Hardy's work in this area gave rise to a powerful new method for finding asymptotic formulae, called the circle method.

He discovered mock theta functions in the last year of his life.For many years these functions were a mystery, but they are now known to be the holomorphic parts of harmonic weak Maass forms.

The Ramanujan conjecture

Ramanujam has many conjectures to his credit

One conjecture has connection with conjectures of André Weil in algebraic geometry that opened up new areas of research. Ramanujan conjecture is an assertion on the size of the tau-function, which has as generating function the discriminant modular form Δ(q), a typical cusp form in the theory of modular forms. It was finally proven in 1973, as a consequence of Pierre Deligne's proof of the Weil conjectures. The reduction step involved is complicated. Deligne won a Fields Medal in 1978 for his work on Weil conjectures.

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Hardy-Ramanujan number 1729



The number 1729 is known as the Hardy–Ramanujan number after a famous anecdote of the British mathematician G. H. Hardy In Hardy's words:
The two different ways are
1729 = 13 + 123 = 93 + 103.
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Some Books on publications by Ramanujan



Srinivasa Ramanujan, G. H. Hardy, P. V. Seshu Aiyar, B. M. Wilson, Bruce C. Berndt (2000). Collected Papers of Srinivasa Ramanujan. AMS. ISBN 0-8218-2076-1.
 It contains the 37 papers published in professional journals by Ramanujan during his lifetime.

S. Ramanujan (1957). Notebooks (2 Volumes). Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.

S. Ramanujan (1988). The Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers. New Delhi: Narosa. ISBN 3-540-18726-X.
This book contains photo copies of the pages of the "Lost Notebook".

Problems posed by Ramanujan, Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society.

S. Ramanujan (2012). Notebooks (2 Volumes). Bombay: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research.



http://www.famousscientists.org/srinivasa-ramanujan/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srinivasa_Ramanujan

Current Mathematics Genius Professor Manjul Bhargava

India Questions Math Genius Professor Manjul Bhargava: Full Transcript
India | NDTV.com | Updated: January 21, 2015

Professor Manjul Bhargava has been awarded the Fields Medal in Mathematics (awarded once in four years only).
https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/india-questions-math-genius-professor-manjul-bhargava-full-transcript-730559


Manjul Bhargava - Lecture at Techfest 2015, IIT Bombay

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Mathematics - Achievements of India

Mathematics in India - 2013 Book by Kim Plofker
Review by David Mumford
American Mathematics Association
http://www.ams.org/notices/201003/rtx100300385p.pdf


Introduction from the book - chapter
http://assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/s8835.pdf


India as a player in Mathematics
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/India-as-a-player-in-Mathematics/article16574923.ece


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https://www.amtionline.com/index

Presents   Distinguished Mathematics Teacher Award to enterprising and pioneering teachers of Mathematics.

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Updated  22 December 2017, 22 December 2014